Mammy memorial

[3] In 1923, Mississippi Senator John Sharp Williams introduced a bill for its construction that was backed by the United Daughters of the Confederacy[3] and Congressman Charles Manly Stedman from North Carolina made a speech in favour of it in the United States House of Representatives[4] which was cheered by representatives from both Republican and Democratic parties.

[3] These included submissions by Canadian-American Ulric Stonewall Jackson Dunbar and Romanian/Hungarian-American George Julian Zolnay, known as the Sculptor of the Confederacy for the number of commissions he had undertaken of Confederate subjects on behalf of Southern clients.

[6] The proposed monument was immediately condemned by African Americans and other groups such as the Women's Relief Corps of the Grand Army of the Republic and the New York World newspaper.

[1] The Chicago Defender published a cartoon showing a white southerner presenting plans for the monument to the hanging body of a lynching victim.

[7] Petitions and letters opposed to the monument were sent to politicians, including ones sent to Vice-President Calvin Coolidge and House Speaker Frederick H. Gillett that carried the signatures of 2000 black women.