Çapanoğlu dynasty
In the time of Süleyman Bey, Capanoğlu Ahmed Pasha's son, the family thrived in Bozok, and expanded to Ankara, Aleppo, Çankırı, Çorum, Amasya, Şarkikarahisar, Sivas, Kayseri, Kırşehir, Nevşehir, Konya Ereğli, Niğde, Tarsus, Adana, Rakka, and Gaziantep.
Çapanoğlu Ahmed Ağa built a mosque in Saray village in 1749, and madrasah in Yozgat in 1753.
His son Hacı Mustafa Bey built the baroque and domed Çapanoğlu Mosque.
The family reached its peak with Süleyman Bey, who held political, military, and economic dominance in the region, and influence in the empire.
Members of the family, such as Abdülfettah Efendi, were part of the ilmiye, while, in the modern period, others became prominent journalists and authors.
The Mamalu Turkmen were subordinate to Hodja, subject to the Tokat voivodeship, and lived in Bozok as nomads.
He kept his tribesmen from disturbing the peace, and fended off the levents, and was soon appointed kapıcıbaşı, a high central post.
He satisfied the Sublime Porte and became a favourite, and his brother Selim Bey came to rule in Sivas.
[2] Meanwhile, though the governor (mutasarriflik) of Bozok changed frequently, the actual control of the tax-farms remained in the family's hand, with Mustafa as mütesellim.
[2][8] Capanoğlu Mustafa Bey, trying to take advantage of the situation, sent a letter to Mikdad Ahmed Pasha in 1779.
The latter who was a pasha with the title of vizier, became infuriated with this affront: Çapanoğlu was in a position inferior to Mikdad.
[2] Canikli Hacı Ali Pasha then fled to the Crimea, while Mikdad was detained in Bursa.
[2][8] With him the family dominated in Bozok and extended their sphere of influence throughout Anatolia all the way to Aleppo and Raqqa in Syria.
Süleyman maintained his dominance and in 1794 secured the Fertile and Bozkır mines for himself and his associates from Tarsus and Andana sanjaks.
However, he suppressed uprisings in and around his region, and sent soldiers to help against the Pazvandoğlu revolt in Rumelia and fight in the French occupation in Egypt.
Selim III gave him the Amasya sanjak, provided he establishes the Nizam-ı Cedid by 1805.
The sultan then also gave the governorship of Sivas to Süleyman's son Mehmed Celaleddin Pasha as a vizier.
[2] Tayyar Mahmud Pasha started recruiting soldiers to go to war against the Çapanoğlu.
He declared that he would abolish the îrâd-ı cedî ("new revenue" coming from previously untaxed subjects, which was supporting the army),[9][10] and occupied Amasya in June 1805.
Tayyar Mahmud Pasha, who had opposed Nizam-ı Cedid, was pardoned and given Trabzon, and Canik and Şarkîkarahisar ad a governor.
He then established the Sekban-i Djedid Army in his region, sending troops to the front in the ongoing war with Russia, in which conflict his son Mehmed, Governor of Sivas, was captured.
Mahmud II wouldn't give the Bozok sanjak to a member of Çapanoğlu, because of his policy of centralization.
[2] Ömer Hulusi Efendi Çapanoğlu's son Âgâh, a journalist, went on to become a historical figure of Turkish postal and press.
Ankara was informed by the Yozgat mufti, and sent Ali Kılıç to seize control of the region, check fundraising and surveil the family, which disturbed its members.
Meanwhile, Çapanoğlu Mehmet Aga was set to fight Ankara by the sultan with a 1500-men force.
[2] Münir Süleyman Çapanoğlu (1894-1973), a prominent Turkish writer and journalist, was from this family.
Yozgat grew into an administrative and commercial center thanks to the eighty shops that Çapanoğlu Ahmed Ağa allocated there.
