Écorché

The term écorché, meaning literally "flayed", came into usage via the French Academies (such as the École des Beaux Arts) in the 19th century.

During the Renaissance in Italy, around 1450 to 1600, the renewed interest in classical Greek and Roman art styles led to the study of the human anatomy.

[5] The study of anatomical figures became popular among the medical academies across Europe around the 17th and 18th century, especially when there was a lack of bodies available for dissections.

The écorché (flayed) figures were made to look like the skin was removed from the body, exposing the muscles and vessels of the model.

By the late eighteenth and early nineteenth centuries, wax was the most popular use of material in creating écorché statues.

Écorché by Leonardo da Vinci .
Écorchéchisel (H. 33 cm. L 21.8 cm) realized after Peter Paul Rubens after 1640 by Paulus Pontius . - Engraving No. SNR - 3 PONTIUS. Photograph taken during the exhibition Rubens Europe - Louvre Museum .
Terracotta Anatomical study by Willem van den Broecke ,1563