Édouard Muller Ardaillon (4 May 1867 at Mazères in Ariège[1] – 19 September 1926 at Oran in Algeria[2][3]) was a French historian, archaeologist and geographer.

After graduating from the Boys' Catholic College of Sainte-Marie in Saint-André-de-Cubzac, he undertook a Bachelor of Arts.

In 1897, he defended his thesis on the mines of Laurion, the silver mines near Athens, whose rich deposits and intense exploitation played a key role in the development of Athenian power in the classical period; it still remains a reference work on this subject.

He also carried out excavations in the port of Delos and visited the Cyclades, Ionia, Lydia and Rhodes.

His career received the encouragement and support of Georges Perrot, director of l'École normale supérieure; Théophile Homolle, Director of the École française d'Athènes, and Charles Bayet, rector of Lille university.