With a surface area of around 18.7 hectares, it stretches 1.4 kilometers from north to south and 400 meters from west to east[1] Île aux Œufs is a permanent island with a flat topography and rocky coastline, no point of an altitude higher than 10 metres.

Molluscs noted include the Iceland scallop, Stimpson's surf clam, rock crab and American lobster.

[6] As for fish, the island's waters are frequented by herring, which feed and reproduce close to shore; their eggs serve as food for American plaice.

The forest is in fairly poor condition due to the colony of Double-crested Cormorants that nest in the trees to the north of the island and dump their droppings[5] there.

Species characteristic of the marine and coastal environments of the St. Lawrence, such as the American black duck, Black-crowned night-heron and Common loon,[9] are also found here.

Although the Red Fox has access to the island in winter, it is too small to maintain a population of Snowshoe Hares sufficient to allow this predator to feed during the summer season and thus threaten the colonies.

[9] Before the arrival of European explorers and settlers in the 16th century, Île aux Œufs was an island in the Magtogoek River in the territory of the Innu, an indigenous peoples in Quebec.

On February 25, 1661, it became part of the Seigneury of Mingan, a colonial concession granted to a merchant (François Bissot) and reserved for hunting and fishing.

[11] In July 1711, Admiral Hovenden Walker led an army of over 12,000 men on nearly 90 ships from Boston Harbor, then a British colony in the Province of Massachusetts Bay.

On the night of August 22 to 23, 1711, under the pressure of a violent storm, part of the British armada crashed into the reefs off Île aux Œufs.

Damase Potvin wrote on the subject: "The storm had once, in the same area, shattered the pride of another English admiral (in 1690), Sir William Phips, taking from him a thousand men and thirty-eight ships".

The 1996 Bédard Report recommends that the land be returned to its original owner if the Canadian Coast Guard closes the lighthouse.