The province was created by law of September 16, 1915, during the presidency of Ismael Montes.

[3] Ñuflo de Chávez Province is located between 13° 45' and 17° 30' South and between 61° 30' and 63° 25' West.

The province comprises six municipalities which are further subdivided into cantons:[3] The inhabitants of the Ñuflo de Chávez Province are mainly Chiquitos whose culture roots in the fusion of their ancient customs and the influence of the Jesuit missionaries.

The following table shows the number of speakers per municipality:[5] The principal economic activities are devoted to animal husbandry, dairy farming, forestry and tourism.

Another important occupation is handicraft like the fabrication of hammocks, textiles, hats, bags and baskets.