The organisation started carrying out attacks around 2009 and was formed after a split within the Real IRA, led by Seamus McGrane.
Splits and an intelligence campaign waged against it by the PSNI and MI5 have caused the organisation to lose many members, according to media reports.
A dispute started as a result, with most Real IRA prisoners at the time siding with the older leadership who founded the organisation.
In August 2013 the group was blamed for planting a Katyusha-style rocket in undergrowth next to a field near Cullyhanna in South Armagh.
[11] Other attacks Óglaigh na hÉireann has carried out have used conventional weapons such as grenades, assault rifles and pistols.
In 2010 a man on a bicycle threw a "Russian type" hand grenade at PSNI officers attending a call to a betting shop.