Olafur Davidsson (26 January 1862 – 6 September 1903), Icelandic: Ólafur Davíðsson, was an Icelandic natural scientist, ethnographer and folklore collector.
He was a student at The Learned School in Reykjavík from 1874 to 1882 and kept a diary of his last year of study there.
Davidsson studied natural sciences at the University of Copenhagen but then immediately turned to ethnology, working at the Arnamagnæan Institute.
In 1897, Davidsson returned to Iceland and was a part-time teacher at Möðruvellir in Hörgárdal, where he also engaged in folklore collecting and other scholarly work.
Ólafur drowned in Hörgá, single and childless, on 6 September 1903.