António Óscar de Fragoso Carmona ComA ComSE ComC GCA (Portuguese pronunciation: [ɐ̃ˈtɔniu ˈɔʃkaɾ fɾɐˈɣozu kaɾˈmonɐ]; 24 November 1869 – 18 April 1951) was a Portuguese Army officer and politician who served as prime minister of Portugal from 1926 to 1928 and as the 11th president of Portugal from 1926 until his death in 1951.

He was, however, never a sympathizer of the democratic form of government, and – as he would later confess in an interview to António Ferro – he only voted for the first time at the 1933 constitutional referendum.

Carmona, who had been the Minister for Foreign Affairs between 3 June and 6 July, was the leader of the most conservative and authoritarian wing of the military regime, which considered the more moderate Gomes da Costa a liability.

On 9 July, he led a countercoup together with general João José Sinel de Cordes, named himself both President and Prime Minister, and immediately assumed dictatorial powers.

Although the democratic opposition was allowed to contest elections after World War II, Carmona was not on friendly terms with it.

When the opposition demanded that the elections be delayed in order to give them more time to organize, Carmona turned them down.

However, there were widespread rumors that Carmona supported the failed military uprising in 1947, which was led by general José Marques Godinho to overthrow Salazar, under the condition that he would remain as President of the Republic.

The persecution grew so severe that Matos pulled out of the race on 12 February, handing Carmona another term.