[3] Thus the khagan allocated each member of the family a share of the country.
According to Kürşat Kocak however, the ülüş practice included also high level state officials.
It is stressed by Lev Gumilyov that it was not a European type feudalism.
[5] According to Lev Gümiloy the system was developed by the Southern Xiongnu during the second century AD.
In the First Turkic Khaganate (551-581) during the reign of Taspar Qaghan in 576, there were 8 üleşes (see Göktürk family tree).