Prior to his appointment as prime minister, Ódor served as Deputy Governor of the National Bank of Slovakia, from 2018 to 2023.

[5] After completing his studies at Comenius University, Ódor became an analyst for Československá obchodní banka in April 1999, leaving his position in 2001 to work for the Slovak Rating Agency; after two years, Ódor became the chief economist of the Ministry of Finance of the Slovak Republic.

[12] He is a co-founder of the Institute for Financial Policy, which he managed from 2003 to 2005,[12] and the Value for Money Department at the Ministry of Finance as well as the independent Council for Budget Responsibility.

He also played a role in the reform of the pension system, the adoption of the euro, and the creation of budget rules.

[14] A snap parliamentary election was held on 30 September 2023, which resulted in a new coalition government helmed by Robert Fico.