Its administrative seat and largest town is Łuków, which lies 76 kilometres (47 mi) north of the regional capital Lublin.

The only other town in the county is Stoczek Łukowski, lying 30 km (19 mi) west of Łuków.

With seat in the town of Lukow, it was located in extreme northeastern corner of Lesser Poland, and until 1474 belonged to Sandomierz Voivodeship.

After the Partitions of Poland, Lukow Land was annexed by the Habsburg Empire as part of New Galicia (1795).

Due to numerous administrative changes in this corner of historic Lesser Poland lost its ties with the rest of the province, and in the 19th century became called Southern Podlasie.