Count Ōtani Kōzui (大谷 光瑞, 27 December 1876 – 5 October 1948) was a Japanese Buddhist leader and explorer who was the 22nd Abbot of Nishi Hongan-ji and the head of the Honganji-ha sect of Buddhism.

In addition to his spiritual responsibilities and his Central Asian activities, Ōtani wrote about China, Manchuria and Chinese porcelain.

While playing the Great Game, British and Russian intelligence both suspected that his archaeological expeditions were little more than covers for espionage activities.

[1] After his father Myonyo's death, he succeeded as Abbot of the Nishi Honganji in 1903.

While he continued to sponsor the expeditions, he devoted himself to the modernization of the Jōdo Shinshū sect.