It runs from south of the old town district, westwards past the church of St. Martin of Tours from which it takes its name, past the "Zamek" (former German imperial palace), to Adam Mickiewicz Square, and finally to University Bridge (Most Uniwersytecki), by which it crosses the railway line and leads to the roundabout called Rondo Kaponiera.
Trams run along most of the length of the street, from Rondo Kaponiera to Aleje Karola Marcinkowskiego, in both directions at the western end, and eastwards only east of Gwarna.
Following the building of the 19th-century fortifications around Poznań, the street led to the Berlin Gate, the main western entrance to the city.
The imperial palace and other grand buildings in its vicinity were built following the demolition of this fortified line in the early 20th century.
Saint Martin's croissant (rogal świętomarciński), widely known for its delicious taste, is traditionally baked in Poznań for this day and sold also in other cities in Poland.