The station forms part of the standard gauge Košice–Bohumín Railway (KBD), and is the highest point on that line.

It is also the junction between the KBD and the Štrbské Pleso – Štrba rack railway, a metre gauge line of which it is the valley terminus.

The station is currently owned by Železnice Slovenskej republiky (ŽSR); train services are operated by Železničná spoločnosť Slovensko (ZSSK).

Although the rack railway was closed in 1932 and lifted soon afterwards, it was reconstructed at the end of the 1960s, and reopened in 1970 in time for that year's FIS Nordic World Ski Championships.

Štrba railway station is the junction of the following Slovakian railway lines: Line 180 forms part of Slovakia's main east–west rail corridor, and is also part of Pan-European Corridor Va, which runs from Venice in Italy to Kyiv in Ukraine, via Bratislava, Žilina, Košice and Uzhhorod.