In the early 1980s Yugoslav Railways ordered several passenger electric multiple-unit trains for Belgrade, Novi Sad, Skopje and Titograd sections (ŽTP).

From 1980 to 1990 and with the breakup of Yugoslavia, 50 EMU train sets were delivered from the Soviet Union to Yugoslav railways.

[1] During the 1990s six similar train sets were built for Bulgarian State Railways (BDŽ); these items were more simple in design.

Today Serbian Railways are the biggest operator of 412 class of all Yugoslav successor states.

The rest of EMU train sets traffic on regional lines toward Prijepolje, Šid, Paraćin and Zaječar.