TEM1 (Russian: ТЭМ1) was a Soviet diesel-electric locomotive, produced between 1958 and 1968 at the Bryansk Machinery Plant (BMZ).

Also, and the diesel engine was moved closer to the driver's cabin and was located exactly in the center of the locomotive.

The units received the designation TEM1 (T – diesel engine, E – with electric transmission, M – maneuvering).

Starting with locomotive number TEM1-0270, the driver's cabins were upgraded to include more vertical room near the upper windows improve visibility (as in TEM2).

Gradually, the service weight of the newly- produced locomotives decreased from 126 to 120 tons, while the maximum speed increased from 90 to 100 km / h. Starting in 1965, an improved 2D50M engine was installed, offering reduced fuel consumption.