Headquartered in Serres and subordinated to the III Army Corps, it was formed from the former 10th Infantry Division (Χ Μεραρχία Πεζικού) on 1 July 2004.

The 10th Infantry Division was originally formed in March 1913, in preparation for the Second Balkan War, where it participated.

It remained loyal to the royal government during the National Schism, and was withdrawn to Thessaly.

It was re-established at Thessaloniki in 1946 as the 10th Mountain Division (Χ Ορεινή Μεραρχία) and fought in the Greek Civil War under III Army Corps.

It was reorganized as the 10th Infantry Brigade (10η Ταξιαρχία Πεζικού) on 1 July 2004, coming under the control of I Army Corps, but was reformed as a mechanized infantry unit in November 2009 and subordinated to III Army Corps.