The Tenth Wisconsin Legislature convened from January 14, 1857, to March 9, 1857, in regular session.

Senators representing odd-numbered districts were newly elected for this session and were serving the first year of a two-year term.

Assembly members were elected to a one-year term.

[1] The governor of Wisconsin during this entire term was Republican Coles Bashford, of Winnebago County, serving the second year of a two-year term, having won election in the 1855 Wisconsin gubernatorial election.

Members of the Wisconsin Senate for the Tenth Wisconsin Legislature (30): Members of the Assembly for the Tenth Wisconsin Legislature (97):[3] The most significant structural change to the Legislature between the 9th and 10th sessions was the reapportionment and redistricting of legislative seats.