The regiment is named for the city of Mantova and part of the Italian Army's infantry arm.

The regiment was reformed during World War II and assigned to the 104th Infantry Division "Mantova".

The division was in Calabria when the Armistice of Cassibile was announced on 8 September 1943 and joined the Italian Co-belligerent Army.

In October 1944 the division was reorganized as Combat Group "Mantova", which in spring 1945 joined the British Eighth Army for the Italian campaign.

In June 1918 the brigade withstood ferocious Austro-Hungarian attacks on the Montello during the Second Battle of the Piave River.

In October of the same year the brigade fought in the decisive Battle of Vittorio Veneto, during which the XXIII Army Corps managed to cross the Piave river at Moriago and break through the Austro-Hungarian lines with the 114th Infantry Regiment in the lead.

From Moriago the regiment advanced over the San Boldo Pass to Trichiana, where it was reached by the news of the Armistice of Villa Giusti.

After allied forces had landed on the Italian peninsula and the Armistice of Cassibile had been announced on 8 September 1943 the division remained loyal to King Victor Emmanuel III.

In spring 1945 the combat group joined the British Eighth Army for the Italian campaign, but soon afterwards the German forces in Italy surrendered.

On 16 September 1947 the 114th Infantry Regiment "Mantova" became the first Italian unit to return to the city of Gorizia.