The history of the regiment dates back to October 1918, when in the region of Zagłębie Dąbrowskie, occupied at that time by Austria-Hungary.
Colonel Wladyslaw Wasik, who commanded local district of the Polish Military Organisation, organized clandestine paramilitary units, which consisted mostly of coal miners from Dąbrowa Górnicza.
On May 25, 1919, the regiment left its barracks, heading towards the nearby border with Upper Silesia, which at that time belonged to Germany.
Since German attack was expected, the unit took positions along the line from Koziegłowy to Modrzejow (now a district of Sosnowiec), remaining there until September 1919, when it was transported by rail to the area of Zator and Spytkowice.
In early April 1920, the unit several times clashed with the enemy, capturing several villages, 200 prisoners and 13 machine guns.
The 11th regiment, as part of Operational Group of General Edward Rydz-Śmigły, was tasked with capturing Kiev, and began the advance on April 24.
Following Polish counterattack from the line of the Wieprz river, the regiment crossed the Bug on September 11, reaching Kowel three days later.
Its headquarters were located in Sarny until April 22, when the unit was loaded on trains, and transported back to Zagłębie Dąbrowskie.