It was mustered into Federal service for the Pancho Villa Expedition on 23 June at Fort Riley, Kansas, later being converted and redesignated on 7 July as Troop A, Cavalry.
It was drafted into Federal service on 5 August 1917, after U.S. entry into World War I, and reorganized and redesignated on 13 September, less Troop A, as the 110th Train Headquarters and Military Police, an element of the 35th Division.
During World War I, the 4th Nebraska Infantry had been converted into the 127th Field Artillery Regiment and assigned to the 34th Division.
Nebraska subsequently indicated it was unable to organize the unit, and it was placed on the "Deferred National Guard" list in 1923.
The location of the headquarters was changed 12 March 1926 to Rosedale, Kansas, and on 27 January 1934, back to Topeka.
After overseas service in England, France, Belgium, Luxembourg, the Netherlands, and Germany, the 127th Field Artillery Battalion was inactivated on 20 November 1945 at Camp Breckinridge, Kentucky.
Sent to Camp Travis, Iraq on October 1, 2005, they assumed the force protection mission, providing protection for personnel like the American ambassador, United Aide Mission to Iraq’s Special Representative to the Secretary General, the Anti-Terrorism Task Force, and any other embassy personnel requiring movement inside and outside of the international zone of Baghdad.