The 127th New York State Legislature, consisting of the New York State Senate and the New York State Assembly, met from January 6 to April 15, 1904, during the fourth year of Benjamin B. Odell Jr.'s governorship, in Albany.

Under the provisions of the New York Constitution of 1894, 50 Senators and 150 assemblymen were elected in single-seat districts; senators for a two-year term, assemblymen for a one-year term.

The Assembly districts were made up of contiguous area, all within the same county, .

The incumbent Democrat Denis O'Brien was re-elected with Republican endorsement.

The Legislature met for the regular session at the State Capitol in Albany on January 6, 1904; and adjourned on April 15.