The Cortes met for the first time on 3 December 2019, and was dissolved prematurely on 29 May 2023[1] after regional and local elections in which the governing PSOE lost control of six autonomous communities and many local councils.

It saw the Spanish Socialist Workers' Party (PSOE) remaining the largest party in the Senate, the upper house of the Cortes Generales, as well as the largest party in the Congress of Deputies, the lower house of the Cortes Generales, but falling short of a majority.

[4][5] The new congress also met for the first time on 3 December 2019 and after two rounds of voting Meritxell Batet (PSOE) was elected as President of the Congress of Deputies with the support of the Unidos Podemos–En Comú Podem (UP–ECP) and various nationalist and regionalist parties.

[6][7] On 7 January 2020, Pedro Sánchez was confirmed as prime minister by the Congress of Deputies.

[8] On Monday 29 May 2023, the day after the 2023 regional and local elections in Spain in which the PSOE lost control of the governments of six autonomous communities and many cities and towns across the country, Pedro Sánchez called a press conference and confirmed that the Cortes would be dissolved that afternoon, with a general election called for the 23 June 2023.