The 1509 Constantinople earthquake or historically Kıyamet-i Sugra ('Minor Judgment Day') occurred in the Sea of Marmara on 10 September 1509 at about 22:00.

[2] The earthquake occurred on September 10, 1509, in the northeast of the Sea of Marmara within the borders of the Ottoman Empire, and in the south of Prince's Islands, 29 km (18 mi) away from the capital Constantinople.

[2][4] Major shocks occurred at half-hour intervals and were violent and protracted in nature, forcing residents to seek refuge in open parks and squares.

[6] Reports were sent to the capital that the earthquake caused damage even in Edirne, Çorlu, Gallipoli and Dimetoka, which were part of the Rumelia Province of the Empire.

The newly built Bayezid II Mosque was badly damaged; the main dome was destroyed and a minaret collapsed.

[8] The Ottoman Imperial Council (Divan-ı Hümayun) convened after the quake and made decisions to deal with the effects of the disaster.

With the decree issued by the Sultan after the earthquake, a ban was placed on construction on filled ground and it was ordered that all buildings to be built in the capital be made of wood-frame material.

[8] Due to the endless aftershocks and the destruction and loss caused by the earthquake, Ottoman historians and the people described the disaster as Minor Judgment Day (Kıyamet-i Suğra).

[10] The earthquake was allegedly predicted by an unnamed Greek monk from Saint Catherine's Monastery in Sinai while present in the Sultan's court.