152 mm howitzer M1938 (M-10)

(М-10)) was a Soviet 152.4 mm (6 inch) howitzer of World War II era.

It saw combat with the Red Army until the end of World War II and remained in service until the 1950s.

Constrained by the limitations of the Treaty of Versailles, Germany was looking for ways to proceed with weapons development and joint projects gave them such an opportunity.

Technical papers were submitted to the Artillery Directorate on 1 August 1937 and on 2 November the first prototype was completed.

The trials also revealed numerous defects in the gun construction: the howitzer suffered from insufficient upper carriage strength, leaks in the recoil buffer, unreliable suspension etc.

For army tests early in 1939, an improved design with a longer barrel was presented.

Another series of army tests followed from 22 December 1939 to 10 January 1940, but even before it started—on 29 September 1939—the gun was adopted as 152 mm divisional howitzer model 1938.

A historian M. Svirin offered the next explanation instead: The M-10 was much more advanced design compared to older Soviet 152 mm howitzers.

While softening recoil and thus allowing for a lighter carriage, a muzzle brake has the disadvantage of redirecting some of the gases that escape the barrel toward the ground where they raise dust, revealing the gun position.

Those regiment consisted of five batteries (totaling 20 pieces), equipped with 152-mm howitzers, 122-mm or 107-mm guns.

[4] Many were lost in the early phase of the war, combined with a decision to stop the production it meant only limited quantity remained in service; these remaining guns in dwindling numbers were used for the remainder of World War II.

In Finland the howitzer, designated 152 H 38, was issued to five heavy artillery battalions and actively used in battle.

After the end of the hostilities, the M-10 remained in the Finnish service; in the 1980s there were some considerations of modernizing it, but the idea was dropped; the guns were stored in the army depots until 2000 and then they were finally retired and scrapped.

When compared to a typical contemporary howitzer of similar calibre, the M-10 had shorter range, but was lighter.

E.g. the German 15 cm sFH 18 had a range of 13,325 m—about one kilometer longer than that of the M-10—but also weighed much more (5,510 kg in traveling position).

A German howitzer with characteristics similar to those of the Soviet one—the 15 cm sFH 36—didn't reach mass production.

For flash suppression there was a special chemical mixture which was inserted into cartridges before night firing.

The G-530 could not be fired with a "full" charge without putting the crew at risk of having the shell explode in the barrel.

M-10 in Hämeenlinna artillery museum, Finland.
Components of M-10 howitzer:
1 — barrel
2 — recoil devices
3 — gunshield
4 — panoramic sight
5 — breech
6 — split trails
7 — suspension
8 — wheels.
M-10 howitzer, displayed in Helsinki Military Museum.
M-10 howitzer in the US Army Ordnance Museum .
KV-2, armed with 152mm M-10T
1 – HE/Frag shell OF-530,
2 – fragmentary shell O-530,
3 – HEAC (anti-concrete) shell G-530.