The 15th Canadian Parliament was in session from 7 January 1926, until 2 July 1926.

Initially, it was controlled by a Liberal Party House minority under Prime Minister William Lyon Mackenzie King and the 12th Canadian Ministry.

The Official Opposition was the Conservative Party, led by Arthur Meighen.

When the Liberal government fell, Meighen's Conservatives were allowed to form government (the 13th Canadian Ministry), triggering the "King-Byng Affair".

The unusual case of a new party taking control of the government between elections has only happened twice in Canadian history; the other occasion was in the 2nd Canadian parliament.