At the start of World War II the division fought briefly against the advancing German Army before being destroyed on 19 September 1939 after being surrounded in the Kampinos Forest.

Withdrawn to the area of Wieprz, it was attached to Piłsudski's army group to commence the Polish counter-assault during the battle of Warsaw of 1920.

It continued its front-line service during the battle of the Niemen River, where it advanced along the Kobryń-Pińsk railway and highway, and on to the signing of the Treaty of Riga.

Prior to the outbreak of World War II, in June 1939, the division was partially mobilized and, under command of Col. Stanisław Świtalski, attached to Gen. Bołtuć's Operational Group East of the Polish Pomorze Army.

After the outbreak of the Polish Defensive War the division entered in contact with the enemy on the first hours of the conflict.

Attacked by the German XXI Corps of the 3rd Army, the division was pushed back to the other side of the Osa river.

After heavy street-to-street fighting, the town was almost completely razed to the ground and the division was reduced to merely a third of its initial strength and had to be withdrawn from combat.

From January 11, 2007 to December 31, 2010, the 14th Anti-Tank Artillery Regiment (Poland) was within the structures of the 16th Pomeranian Mechanized Division "King Kazimierz Jagiellończyk".

The 11th Artillery Regiment is equipped with WR-40 Langusta multiple rocket launchers and an operational group with 24 AHS Krab.