Haidamak uprising of 1734

The Poles took steps to attract labourers, known as settlers from other towns, to the abandoned villages, promising them exemption from service duties for 15-30 years.

[1][2] The lord's arbitrariness was met with resistance from the peasants, which turned into an armed struggle, one manifestation of which was the Haidamak movement.

In the second quarter of the 18th century, this movement was concentrated in the Kyiv and Braclaw regions, where the most favourable conditions prevailed: the presence of a significant number of free, not fully settled people, the proximity of the borders of Zaporozhian Sich, Left-Bank Ukraine, Moldova and the Ottoman Empire.

[3] in general, the activity of the haidamaks began in wison and summer and ended in winter due to the temperatures that prevailed.

[4][5][6] A unique role in the development of the Haidamak movement was played by Zaporozhian Sich, to which refugees from all over Ukraine were drawn.

3 Authors of etymological dictionaries, however, have doubts about the possibility of changing -jt->-jd-, as only a few examples documenting such consonantal sonority can be found in Hungarian.A number of authors have attempted to identify similar shifts jt > jd in other languages (De Bartolomeis, Sulán)[8] Therefore, regarding the change -jt-> -jd- in Kiss/Pusztai one can read the following: "[...] Előreható részleges hasonulás: R.: hajtó > hajdú, [...] a zöngétlen t aj hatására zöngésül d-vé."

Historical documents testify to its solemn beginning, when the centurion Verlan, who had previously served in the court militia of the Lubomyrsky princes in Shargorod, declared himself a colonel commander and published the manifesto of the uprising: "Our time has come, citizens living on noble, royal and ecclesiastical estates: the time of liberation from the yoke of the nobility and release from the burdens that your lords have imposed on you.

Leave your homes, your women and your beloved children and you will not regret it, for you will soon find that God has destined you to be victorious and you will all become free people once you destroy this viper tribe of your masters , who continue to suck your blood.

[13] From the testimony of V. Antonovich, it appears that Verlan in his appeals referred to a circular by the Russian Colonel Polansky, who called on the armed people on the Right Bank, mainly policemen, to oppose Stanislav Leshchinsky and his collaborators.

The population of the Right Bank was open to the prospect of reunification with other parts of the Ukrainian nation living in more prosperous conditions.

On the other hand, researcher P. Mirchuk notes that there are no documents confirming Verlan's interaction with Polansky, and this kind of information is the result of the spread of Polish propaganda techniques aimed at discrediting the uprising.

According to the testimony of V. Antonovich, while Verlan was in Shargorod, he summoned open-air militia units from other towns and began to recruit local residents.

[14] Verlan passed through the Braclaw Land several times, and then - Podolia and south-western Volhynia, took Krzemieniec, Zhvanets, Brody and Zbarazh.

Hundreds of well-organised rebels captured Korsun, Berdychev, Pogrebeshch, Pavloch, Kotelnya, Koshovate, Khodory and Rozhov in Kyiv province.

They were suddenly attacked by Tatars, in a fight with whom the leaders of Kharko, Ivanytsa and Zhyla were killed, and the wounded Rud was arrested.

Due to the incomplete destruction of this group, it was reborn in 1750 when it started an uprising which was suppressed and then another one in 1768 which was joined by Russia in order to get rid of the rebellion for fear of spreading to their territories.

Haidamaks
Map of Uprising
Polish Villages During Haidamak Uprising 1734