The list is very incomplete; information on early typhoon seasons is patchy and relies heavily on individual observations of travellers and ships.
The scope of this article is limited to the Pacific Ocean, north of the equator and west of the International Date Line in Oceania and East Asia.
A strong wind uprooted trees, and the water of Lake Tai overflowed, causing flooding with a depth of approximately 2 m on the plains.
[13] A powerful typhoon struck Settsu Province in September 817, producing storm surges in Osaka Bay, which killed 220 people.
[b][21][22] In September 989, a powerful typhoon known as Eiso-no-Kaze ("Storm of Eiso era") in Japan, possibly similar to the infamous 1934 Muroto typhoon in track and intensity,[23] struck Kyoto and caused severe damage in Heian-kyō[24] and across Japan, destroying numerous buildings and killing many, which was described as an "unprecedented disaster" in a historical text.
1,700 families were wiped out in the submerged states, 70-80% of the population along the Chongming coast drowned, and over 20,000 people died in Songjiang Prefecture[d] alone.
Waters surged and tens of thousands of houses were swept away in a typhoon that impacted Shanghai in August 1539, which left a great famine and epidemic in its wake.
A typhoon at the end of July 1582 claimed 20,000 lives and destroyed hundreds of square kilometers of crops in Suzhou and Songjiang.
[16] Six successive typhoons struck Japan between August and October 1207, wreaking havoc in Kyoto and Kamakura, which, combined with a smallpox epidemic, prompted another era change from Ken'ei to Jōgen in November.
[16] Two typhoons rolled through Japan in August and November 1228, respectively, affecting both Kyoto and Kamakura, which again was responsible for an era name change (from Antei to Kangi).
[33] One typhoon struck Kyoto in July 1230,[16] and at least one more swept across Japan in September of that year, one that ruined the rice harvests that were already crippled by abnormally cold weather, contributing to a severe nationwide famine.
On May 16–17, 1233, Kyoto was hit by an atypically early strong typhoon, which caught the townsfolk off guard and caused extensive damage.
[35] A typhoon wrecked at least 61 vessels offshore the Izu Peninsula and more in Sagami Bay in October 1263, after which numerous bodies washed up on shore.
[16] In 1281, according to Japanese legend, the Kamikaze (divine wind) typhoon destroyed the 2,200 ships of the Mongol emperor Kublai Khan, that were in Hakata Bay for attempting an invasion of Japan.
[36] Damage estimates vary significantly, however, as another source[34] places the death toll at over 100,000 and the number of wrecked vessels at close to 4,400.
[38] A typhoon that struck Kyushu in August 1465 brought storm surges that caused coastal inundation in Hizen Province near the Ariake Sea, where people got around by boat for a distance of three li.
[13][e] The first typhoon recorded in Hokkaido occurred in September 1467, wrecking many ships offshore Matsumae Peninsula and causing floods over land.
Prolific haikai poet Arakida Moritake and his brother Moritoki [ja] were caught in the floods as their house was swept away with them inside, but both survived.
[42] A probable typhoon affected Japan in September 1502, damaging crops with strong winds amid an ongoing famine (1501–1505).
[43] A typhoon in August 1517 caused major floods that laid waste on farmland across Japan, which brought about a severe famine the following year.
[44] Another crippling famine was worsened by a typhoon in September 1540 that carved its path through Japan from Kansai all the way to Aizu (now western Fukushima Prefecture).
[8] A typhoon in August 1673 produced strong winds and heavy rain in Guangdong, stripping houses of their roofs and snapping tall trees.
[3][30] Between late June and early July of 1696, a devastating typhoon produced storm surges that breached levees across Shanghai for thousands of feet, killing more than 100,000 people.
A powerful typhoon, reportedly the worst in 100 years, affected much of Japan in September 1635 from Kyushu through Edo, blowing down 2,000 pine trees in Chikuzen Province.
In September 1650, a typhoon produced storm surges in the Kyushu and Chugoku regions, flooding 3,300 houses and drowning 170 people in Yanagawa Domain alone.
[47] A typhoon struck Shanghai in August 1723, which uprooted trees, damaged crops, and produced storm surges that drowned tens of thousands.
[47] A typhoon impacted Shanghai in September 1732 that caused severe storm surges and torrential rain, damaging buildings and killing large numbers of people and livestock.
[50][51] Generations later, the Pingelapese, and the Mokilese to a lesser extent, have an unusually high incidence of achromatopsia,[51] as a consequence of one of the survivors carrying the recessive alleles for the disease,[50] which increased in frequency due to the founder effect and inbreeding among his descendants.
[36] The German physician Philipp Franz von Siebold was present during this storm and succeeded in taking barometric pressure readings around Nagasaki at the risk of drowning.
[57] A typhoon struck Nagoya in September 1837, which damaged a kabuki theater within Wakamiya Hachiman Shrine and knocked down trees in the area.