The 1891 All-Ireland Senior Hurling Championship was the fifth staging of the All-Ireland hurling championship since its establishment by the Gaelic Athletic Association in 1887.
Cork were the defending champions, however, they were defeated in the provincial series.
Kerry won the All-Ireland following a 2–3 to 1–5 defeat of Wexford in the final.
The Leinster championship was contested by four teams: Dublin (Raparees), Kildare (Maynooth), Laois and Wexford (Crossabeg).
Three counties contested the Munster championship: Cork (Blackrock), Kerry (Ballyduff) and Limerick (Treaty Stones).