Following the 1887 Hawaiian Constitution[1] and the 1893 coup d'état, a temporary government was formed by the Committee of Safety until an assumed annexation by the United States.

After commissioning the secret Blount Report, he stated that the US had inappropriately used military force and called for the reinstatement of Queen Liliʻuokalani.

[2] In 1895, Robert Wilcox was brought into a plot to overthrow the Republic of Hawaii and return Queen Liliʻuokalani to the throne.

Among the plotters was Samuel Nowlein, former Head of the Royal Guards of Hawaii (which had been disbanded in 1893); Joseph Nawahi, former Minister of Foreign Affairs; Charles T. Gulick, an advisor to both Kalākaua and Liliʻuokalani; and William H. Rickard, a sugar planter of British parentage.

In addition the recruits lacked weapons, training and discipline,[3] and were pitted against the formidable forces of the Provisional Government, which had spent the royal treasury and secured loans to arm itself thoroughly against such an attack.

A shipment of guns and ammunition from California had been smuggled on board the schooner Wahlber to be put aboard the steamer Waimanalo near Rabbit Island and shipped to a secret Honolulu location.

A squad of six policemen led by Captain Parker, a veteran of the 1889 rebellion who commanded the 30 Royal Guards in the Palace, had been sent to Henry Bertelmann's house near Diamond Head to search for the weapons.

A detachment of the National Guard of Hawaii, Company E commanded by Lt. King, drove back the Royalists towards Diamond Head by 9:00, allowing Alfred Carter to bring doctors Walter, Murry, and Doyle to his cousin.

Following the Republic government's humiliating defeat, Marshal Edward G. Hitchcock deployed men and three artillery pieces to stop the Royalists' march on Honolulu.

The third cannon was put aboard a commandeered tugboat named Eleu to form a makeshift patrol boat.

Nowlein's men were to capture Punchbowl, but had been waiting in hiding at Mauʻumae as government troops were moving toward Diamond Head.

[3] Murray's men returned with Company F commanded by Captain C. W. Zeiler from Palolo, sent to engage Nowlein at Kaimuki as they moved toward Mōʻiliʻili.

[3] His men moved to the settlement of Mōʻiliʻili, at the mouth of Mānoa Valley, where they encountered a line of Captain Zeiler's Company, and also met with artillery fire.

Captain Camara supported Zeiler in securing his flank, positioning his Company C in Nuʻuanu and Punchbowl, cutting off the western advance by the Royalists.

A Royalist force of 50 men was spotted on the evening of the 9th attempting to scale Tantalus and move through Punchbowl to enter the city.

Until nightfall, the doomed company withstood the ensuing siege and artillery barrage in the pocket known as "the Pen", at the base of Puʻu Konahuanui.

Others wished to continue the fight but were separated from Wilcox’s leadership and would eventually be captured or killed by government forces routing out the remaining Royalists.

The early Native Hawaiians brought crops of their own when they settled the islands, although vegetation is bountiful, few plants are fit for eating.

Wilcox hid for several days in the mountains and made his way to Nuʻuanu Valley and Kalihi with 10 loyal conspirators, but the group was disbanded.

Contrary to the fears of Lane and the warning to government forces to use caution when encountering him, he surrendered peacefully to police becoming the last insurgent to be captured.

He was locked in with over a hundred under-nourished prisoners of war, he protested that night using the guards’ fears about him to provide food for his fellow inmates.

The former attorney general of the Kingdom Paul Neumann served as legal defense, and prosecutor was William Ansel Kinney.

Liliʻuokalani formally abdicated her throne to prevent further bloodshed over the controversial government in a five-page letter on January 24, 1895.