Malcolm McEacharn Protectionist William Maloney Labour A by-election was held for the Australian House of Representatives seat of Melbourne in Victoria on 30 March 1904.

Sir Malcolm McEacharn had held the seat for the Protectionist Party since the 1901 election, and was re-elected with a slim 77 vote majority.

McEacharn's opponent in 1901 and 1903 was Dr William Maloney, a medical doctor, social worker and reform agitator who had run for the Labour Party.

However, as the informality had arisen through the fault of Commonwealth electoral officers, he would have to rule the election invalid, thus triggering a by-election.

Following his defeat, McEacharn abandoned not only politics but Australia, leaving the country in 1905 and moving to Wigtownshire in Scotland, where he purchased the ancestral home of the Earl of Galloway.