The 1930 United States census, conducted by the Census Bureau one month from April 1, 1930, determined the resident population of the United States to be 122,775,046, an increase of 13.7 percent over the 106,021,537 persons enumerated during the 1920 census.

It was the first time the effects of suburban sprawl were recorded when, during the Roaring Twenties, a significant portion of the working population of New York City moved to New Jersey, aided by the George Washington Bridge which permitted quick transport from the state to Manhattan.

The original census enumeration sheets were microfilmed by the Census Bureau in 1949, after which the original sheets were destroyed.

Several organizations also host images of the microfilmed census online, and digital indices.

Aggregate data for small areas, together with electronic boundary files, can be downloaded from the National Historical Geographic Information System.