The seat had become vacant when the constituency's Conservative Member of Parliament (MP), Cyril Atkinson, had resigned from the House of Commons on being appointed a High Court judge.
He had held the seat since the 1924 general election, when he had defeated the one-term Liberal MP Robert Alstead.
Atkinson had been returned unopposed at the 1931 general election, when the local Liberals decided not to field a candidate as both parties were supporting the National Government.
An issue to feature in the campaign was the National Government's decision in April to order a British Trade Embargo on the Soviet Union.
This made it difficult for the Liberal campaign in Altrincham to take full advantage of public discontent with the government.