All 27 Illinois seats in the United States House of Representatives were up for election in 1938.

Incumbent congressman William G. Stratton won the Republican nomination.

[1] Incumbent first-term Democrats Orville M. Karraker and Karl A. Meyer were reelected.

[2] On June 27, 1938, one district of the Supreme Court of Illinois had a special election.

[1] A special election was held for the seat of the court's 3rd district, after the death in office of Lott R.

[5] One advisory referendum ("question of public policy") was put before voters.