Chiang Kai-shek, the incumbent leader of the Nationalist government, won a landslide victory against the same party candidate Ju Zheng in the presidential election.

After the Northern Expedition, the Kuomintang-led Nationalist government acquired control of a unified China nominally.

The party began to draft a constitution to transit the government from tutelage period to constitutional period, according to the political philosophy of Sun Yat-sen. During the Second Sino-Japanese War, China established a close partnership with the United States and was given military and financial supports.

Simultaneously, the Nationalist government continued to draft the Constitution of the Republic of China, however it was boycotted by the Communists and the full-scale Chinese Civil War was resumed.

Since there were 3,045 seats in the National Assembly, the candidates needed to obtain 1,523 votes to be elected.