It was the first general election held since Newfoundland joined Canadian confederation on 31 March 1949 and the first Newfoundland-wide election of any kind since the suspension of responsible government and the creation of the Commission of Government in 1934.

Joey Smallwood was invited to form an interim administration when Newfoundland became a part of Canada just before midnight on March 31, 1949.

This interim Smallwood administration continued until the results of the May election.

The five seats where Progressive Conservatives won had all voted heavily against confederation in the 1948 Newfoundland referendums.

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