Elections to the Madhya Pradesh Legislative Assembly were held on 26 March 1952.

1,122 candidates contested for the 184 constituencies in the Assembly.

[1] The Indian National Congress won a majority of seats and Ravishankar Shukla became the Chief Minister.

[2] On 1 November 1956, under States Reorganisation Act, 1956, Madhya Bharat, Vindhya Pradesh, and Bhopal state were merged into Madhya Pradesh and the Marathi-speaking districts of Nagpur Division were transferred to Bombay State.

On 1 November 1956, under States Reorganisation Act, 1956, Madhya Bharat (except the Sunel enclave of the Mandsaur district), Vindhya Pradesh, Bhopal State and the Sironj sub-division of the Kota district of Rajasthan were merged into Madhya Pradesh while the Marathi-speaking districts of Nagpur Division and Amravati Division (namely Buldana, Akola, Amravati, Yeotmal, Wardha, Nagpur, Bhandara and Chanda), were transferred to Bombay State.