As a result of a lack of interest from defeated first-round hurling teams in recent years, the GAA's Central Council introduced a new system of relegation and promotion for the 1955-56 league.
The first-placed teams in each group contested the final with the winners being promoted.
On 6 May 1956, Wexford won the title after a 5–9 to 2–14 win over Tipperary in the final.
Final In a new departure the Gaelic Athletic Association introduced a second division for the 'second tier' hurling teams.
The second group featured Offaly, Roscommon, Kerry and Laois.