The Games were held in Barcelona, Spain over 10 days, from 15 to 25 July 1955, where 1,135 athletes (all men) from 10 countries participated.

This second edition were held in the Olympic Stadium and Palace of Sport of Barcelona.

The symbol of an amphora filled with Mediterranean Sea water was then used for the first time.

The following is a list of nations that participated in the 1955 Mediterranean Games: The second Mediterranean Games sports program featured 19 sports encompassing 102 men-only events.

The rankings sort by the number of gold medals earned by a country.