The 1956–57 Challenge Cup was the 56th staging of rugby league's oldest knockout competition, the Challenge Cup.

[1] Leeds beat Barrow 9-7 in the Challenge Cup Final played at Wembley Stadium before a crowd of 76,318.

This was Leeds' seventh Challenge Cup final win in nine Final appearances.

[3][4] Jeff Stevenson, their scrum half back, was awarded the Lance Todd Trophy for his man-of-the-match performance.