The 1956–57 Turkish Federation Cup was the first professional nationwide football competition in Turkey.
The tournament was organized by the Turkish Football Federation (TFF) to select a club that would represent Turkey in the 1957–58 European Cup.
30 clubs participated: 10 from Istanbul, 10 from İzmir, 8 from Ankara, and 2 from Adana.
Beşiktaş won the title and qualified for the 1957–58 European Cup as Turkish champions.
However, since the TFF failed to register their name for the draw in time, they could not participate in the European Cup in that season after all.