The 1958–59 Yugoslav First League season was the 13th season of the First Federal League (Serbo-Croatian: Prva savezna liga), the top level association football league of SFR Yugoslavia, since its establishment in 1946.
Twelve teams contested the competition, with Red Star winning their fifth title.
Due to the reduction of the league from 14 to 12 clubs, at the end of the previous season four clubs were relegated (RNK Split, Spartak Subotica, OFK Belgrade and NK Zagreb) and were replaced by two teams - NK Rijeka and FK Sarajevo.