Defending champion Margaret Court defeated Kerry Melville in the final, 6–3, 6–1 to win the women's singles tennis title at the 1970 Australian Open.

It was her ninth Australian Open singles title and 17th major singles title overall.

It was also the first step in an eventual Grand Slam for Court, the first in women's singles in the Open Era.

Court did not lose a set during the tournament.

All seeds receive a bye into the second round.