The elections occurred in the wake of the Watergate scandal and three months into the term of Republican President Gerald Ford.
Ford's granting of a pardon to his predecessor, Richard Nixon, along with soaring inflation caused by the 1973 oil crisis, created a tough environment for the Republican Party.
The Democrats won the nationwide popular vote for the House of Representatives by a margin of 16.8 points.
[1] This translated to a net gain of 49 seats from the Republicans, increasing the party's majority above the two-thirds mark.
Many of the newly elected Democrats in the House and Senate were liberal northerners (known as Watergate Babies), and the influx of liberals moved power away from the conservative southern Democrats who held most committee chairs in both houses.