1976–77 Yugoslav First League (Prva savezna liga Jugoslavije, Prvenstvo 1976/77) competition was the 49th top league season since 1923 in various incarnations of Yugoslavia.
It was won in dominating fashion by Red Star Belgrade with a 9-point margin over the second placed team (Dinamo Zagreb), which at the time set the record as largest ever points differential by which a team triumphed in the league.
A total of eighteen teams contested the league, including sixteen sides from the 1975–76 season and two sides promoted from the 1975–76 Yugoslav Second League (YSL) as winners of the two second level divisions East and West.
FK Vardar and FK Radnički Kragujevac were relegated from the 1975–76 Yugoslav First League after finishing the season in bottom two places of the league table.
The two clubs promoted to top level were NK Zagreb and FK Napredak Kruševac.