The 1978 Roller Hockey World Cup was the twenty-third roller hockey world cup, organized by the Fédération Internationale de Roller Sports.

It was contested by 12 national teams (5 from Europe, 3 from South America, 1 from North America, 1 from Africa, 1 from Asia and 1 from Oceania).

All the games were played in the Estadio Aldo Cantoni, in the city of San Juan, in Argentina, the chosen city to host the World Cup.