The 1978 Football Championship of Ukrainian SSR was the 48th season of association football competition of the Ukrainian SSR, which was part of the Soviet Second League in Zone 2.
The season started on 2 April 1978.
The 1978 Football Championship of Ukrainian SSR was won by Metalist Kharkiv.
The "Ruby Cup" of Molod Ukrayiny newspaper (for the most scored goals) was received by SKA Kiev.
The following were the top ten goalscorers.