The 1982–83 James Madison Dukes men's basketball team represented James Madison University during the 1982–83 NCAA Division I men's basketball season.

The Dukes, led by 11th-year head coach Lou Campanelli, played their home games at the on-campus Convocation Center and were members of the southern division of the Eastern Collegiate Athletic Conference (ECAC).

The Dukes finished the season with a 20–11 (6–3 ECAC South) record and won the ECAC South tournament.

The Dukes received an automatic bid to the 1983 NCAA Division I men's basketball tournament for their third ever and third consecutive appearance in the tournament.

In the NCAA Tournament, the tenth-seeded Dukes beat West Virginia in the first round before falling to North Carolina in the second round.